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Friday 3 June 2011

Facts about cancer

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Cigarette Smoking Lab Research


1. Introduction This experiment shows how cigarette smoking can have a major impact on a person’s cardiovascular system. It tells you how the heart rate affects heavy smokers, light smokers, and nonsmokers. It gives you an idea how much your heart rate increases from your resting heart rate to after running for a sufficient amount of time.


A. Background information Cigarette smoke contains tobacco, which has high levels of carbon monoxide. Carbon monoxide affects the heart by reducing the amount of oxygen the blood is able to carry. This means that the heart, lungs, brain, and other vital organs do not always receive enough oxygen to perform everyday functions. At the same time, nicotine causes an increase in heart rate and blood pressure. Over time, this causes extraordinary wear and tear on the cardiovascular system. People who use tobacco are more likely to have heart attacks, high blood pressure, blood clots, strokes, hemorrhages, aneurysms, and other disorders of the cardiovascular system.


B. Purpose The Purpose of this experiment was to measure your resting heart rate to the heart rate after you perform an exercise. The purpose was also to see how smoking affects the way your heart beats when performing a cardiovascular exercise such as running.


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C. Hypothesis In this experiment, I think that the smaller heart rate increase would indicate better cardiovascular health because when you perform tasks such as running and swimming, your heart doesn’t beat as fast. This means that your cardiovascular system would not need to do as much work.


. Procedure First I gathered three heavy smokers, three light smokers, and three nonsmokers all between 10-150 lbs. They were all between the ages of 18- 1. Then, they measured their resting heart rate. Next, I took all nine people to the Huckleberry Trail in Blacksburg. Last, they ran for five minutes on the trail. Finally, they measured their heart rate after they were done running.


A. Equipment used A Timex watch was used for timing the running and measuring how fast the heart beats in one minute. No other equipment was used for this experiment because none was required.


B. Collection of data The experiment was done by having all three categories of smokers measure their resting heart rate before they were ready to run. After they ran for five minutes, they measured their heart rate and compared it to the resting heart rate.


. Results


A. Graph ON NEXT PAGE


C. Description of data The data in this experiment tells you that nonsmokers have the best cardiovascular health because there is not as much increase from the resting heart rate to the heart rate after you run. The heavy smokers have the worst cardiovascular health because there is a greater increase.


4. Discussion The light Smokers had a resting heart rate between 78-108 beats a minute, the heavy smokers had a resting heart rate between 66-84, and the nonsmokers had a resting heart rate between 6-81. The light smokers had an after running heart rate between 11-14, the heavy smokers were between 1-145, and the nonsmokers were between 11-10.


A. Support of hypothesis The hypothesis was supported because in the experiment, it shows that the nonsmokers had a resting heart rate of 81, 6, and 68 beats in a minute. Then when they measured the after running heart rate, it jumped to 11, 10 and 10. The difference in the heart rate for each person was 1, 57, and 6 beats in a minute.


B. Explanation Nonsmokers have the best cardiovascular health because they do not smoke. They also exercise daily, and eat the right foods. When you smoke, your lungs, heart, and other organs don’t receive as much oxygen as they should. Your body is not used to doing hard tasks such as running or swimming and makes it harder for you to breathe. This causes your heart to beat faster.


C. Conclusion I learned that eating right and exercising daily is healthy for your cardiovascular system. I will never smoke because I found out how smoking affects your heart rate.





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